Hinrichtung stoppen!
Der 40-jährige Larry Swearingen soll am 18. August im US-Bundesstaat Texas hingerichtet werden. Er wurde im Jahr 2000 wegen eines Mordes, den er 1998 begangen haben soll, zum Tode verurteilt. Er beteuert weiterhin seine Unschuld. Einige SpurensicherungsexpertInnen halten es mittlerweile für ausgeschlossen, dass er den Mord begangen haben könnte.
Appell an
BEGNADIGUNGSAUSSCHUSS VON TEXAS
Clemency Section
Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles
8610 Shoal Creek Blvd., Austin, TX 78757-6814, USA
(korrekte Anrede: Dear Board members / Sehr geehrte
Mitglieder des Ausschusses)
Fax: (00 1) 512 467 0945
E-Mail: bpp-pio@tdcj.state.tx.us
GOUVERNEUR VON TEXAS
Governor Rick Perry
Office of the Governor, P.O. Box 12428, Austin
Texas 78711-2428, USA
(korrekte Anrede: Dear Governor / Sehr geehrter Herr Gouverneur)
Fax: (00 1) 512 463 1849
Sende eine Kopie an
BOTSCHAFT DER VEREINIGTEN STAATEN VON AMERIKA
S.E. Herrn Philip Dunton Murphy
Pariser Platz 2, 10117 Berlin
Fax: 030-83 05 10 50
E-Mail: über http://germany.usembassy.de/email/feedback.htm
Bitte schreiben Sie Ihre Appelle sofort, so dass sie vor dem 18. August 2011 eintreffen. Schreiben Sie in gutem Englisch oder auf Deutsch.
Amnesty fordert:
SCHREIBEN SIE BITTE LUFTPOSTBRIEFE, FAXE ODER E-MAILS MIT FOLGENDEN FORDERUNGEN
-
Ich bin mir der Schwere des Verbrechens bewusst, für das Larry Swearingen zum Tode verurteilt wurde.
-
Ich möchte Sie jedoch darauf hinweisen, dass Larry Swearingen nach rein indizienbasierten Ermittlungen verurteilt wurde, und dass mehrere texanische SpurensicherungsexpertInnen aufgezeigt haben, dass Larry Swearingen als Täter nicht in Frage kommt. Die Theorie über das Verbrechen, die die Staatsanwaltschaft den Geschworenen vorgelegt hatte, wurde damit ernsthaft in Frage gestellt.
- Ich fordere Sie dringend auf, die Hinrichtung nicht zu vollstrecken und Larry Swearingen zu begnadigen.
PLEASE WRITE IMMEDIATELY
-
Acknowledge the seriousness of the crime for which Larry Swearingen was sentenced to death.
-
Note that Larry Swearingen was convicted on circumstantial evidence and that several Texas forensic specialists have ruled out Larry Swearingen as the murderer and punctured the state’s theory of the crime it presented to the jury.
- Call for this execution to be stopped and clemency granted.
[HINTERGRUNDINFORMATIONEN (AUF ENGLISCH)]
Larry Swearingen was a day from execution in January 2009 when the US Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit granted a stay. The Fifth Circuit panel considered whether his claims were sufficient to overcome the obstacles under federal law preventing the court from authorizing the filing of a successive habeas corpus petition. Under this federal law – the Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA), which places severe restrictions on state prisoners raising claims in federal court, in part in a bid to facilitate executions – the inmate must show that "(i) the factual predicate for the claim could not have been discovered previously through the exercise of due diligence; and (ii) the facts underlying the claim, if proven and viewed in light of the evidence as a whole, would be sufficient to establish by clear and convincing evidence that, but for constitutional error, no reasonable fact-finder would have found the applicant guilty of the underlying offense".
The Fifth Circuit authorized Larry Swearingen to file a successive petition in District Court, but stressed that it "must dismiss" the petition "without reaching the merits" if it were to find that Swearingen had not satisfied the AEDPA’s requirements. This is what happened. In November 2009, the District Court ruled among other things that "through the exercise of due diligence", Larry Swearingen could have obtained Dr Carter’s affidavit earlier than 2007 and should have been aware that there was tissue from the autopsy in the possession of the Harris County Medical Examiner’s Office that could be forensically tested. The District Court concluded that "only now, over nine years [after the trial], he has marshaled all the available information, but the record does not show that he could not have done so before waiting until the eve of his execution in January 2009". Failing to meet the requirement of the AEDPA, the judge ruled, "deprives this Court of jurisdiction over the merits of his successive habeas claims".
The District Court judge said that "taken at face value, Swearingen’s new scientific evidence appears highly exculpatory", but added that while the experts agreed that the body had been "exposed to the elements after he was jailed on December 11, 1998", they had "not looked at every piece of the evidentiary puzzle in making that assessment". A jury, he said, would "have to plug the narrow conclusions made by Swearingen’s experts into the broad facts the State adduced which pointed to him as the killer". The District Court judge suggested that while some "piece of the puzzle" relating to the question of when Melissa Trotter’s body had been left in the forest was likely "still missing", it was not the duty of the court "to neatly decide which theory, if any, is more correct." This, he said, was "especially the case on habeas review where the presumption of innocence has run its course" and principles such as finality of judgments "lean steeply in favour of upholding the verdict".
Amnesty International opposes the death penalty, in all cases, unconditionally. International human rights law, while abolitionist in outlook, recognizes that some countries retain the death penalty. Pending abolition, the international community has agreed safeguards for capital cases. One such international standard holds that: "Capital punishment may be imposed only when the guilt of the person charged is based upon clear and convincing evidence leaving no room for an alternative explanation of the facts". Although there is circumstantial evidence against Larry Swearingen, the expert evidence since the trial casts serious doubt on his conviction, and would render his execution in contravention of this safeguard. Executive clemency must act as a failsafe against injustice where the courts have been unwilling or unable to act. In September 2010, for example, Ohio’s Governor commuted the death sentence of Kevin Keith to life imprisonment. The governor said that despite circumstantial evidence linking Kevin Keith to the crime, "many legitimate questions have been raised regarding the evidence in support of the conviction and the investigation which led to it" (see http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AMR51/079/2010/en).
There have been 1,263 executions in the USA since judicial killing resumed there in 1977, 472 of which have been carried out in Texas. There have been 29 executions this year, eight of them in Texas. Since 1976, more than 130 people have been released from death rows in the USA on grounds of innocence.
Sachlage
Am 8. Dezember 1998 verschwand die 19-jährige Melissa Trotter. Am 11. Dezember nahm man Larry Swearingen, der am Tag ihres Verschwindens mit Melissa Trotter gesehen worden war, fest. Er befindet sich seitdem in Gewahrsam. Der leblose Körper der Verschwundenen wurde am 2. Januar 1999 von JägerInnen in einem Wald gefunden. Daraufhin wurde Larry Swearingen des Mordes an Melissa Trotter angeklagt. Er legte jedoch kein Geständnis ab, und es gab auch keine AugenzeugInnen des Verbrechens. Daher wurden gegen Larry Swearingen Ermittlungen eingeleitet, die einzig und allein auf Indizien beruhten.
Im Gerichtsverfahren gegen Larry Swearingen sagte Dr. Joye Carter aus, die damalige leitende Rechtsmedizinerin von Harris County, Texas, die die Autopsie an Melissa Trotter vorgenommen hatte. Sie gab an, dass Melissa Trotter ihrer Ansicht nach bei Auffinden ihres leblosen Körpers bereits seit ungefähr 25 Tagen tot war. Im Jahr 2007 widerrief Dr. Carter diese Aussage auf der Grundlage einer erneuten Prüfung der Autopsieergebnisse. Es hätte sich gezeigt, so Carter, dass die Ergebnisse der Autopsie mit einem Ausgesetztsein des Körpers von über zwei Wochen "nicht vereinbar" seien. Der texanische Generalstaatsanwalt wies in einer dem Bundesgericht 2009 vorgelegten Begründungsschrift den Vorwurf zurück, der Staat habe wissentlich falsche Beweismittel vorgelegt. Er räumte jedoch ein: "[Hätte Dr. Carter damals] festgestellt, dass der Körper nicht länger als zwei Wochen im Wald gelegen haben kann, so hätte der Staatsanwalt gewusst, dass er den falschen Mann hinter Gittern gebracht hat bzw. dass [Larry] Swearingen einen Komplizen hatte." Für die Vermutung eines Komplizen wurden bisher keine Beweise vorgelegt.
Der Fall wurde von fünf GerichtsmedizinerInnen überprüft, darunter vier aktuelle bzw. ehemalige leitende RechtsmedizinerInnen des Bundesstaates Texas. Sie kamen zu dem Ergebnis, dass der Körper weit weniger als 25 Tage lang im Wald gelegen hatte. Im Dezember 2008 stieß man im rechtsmedizinischen Institut von Harris County auf Gewebeproben, die nach der Autopsie für mikroskopische Untersuchungen aufbewahrt worden waren. Diese wurden von ExpertInnen überprüft und man kam zu dem Schluss, dass Melissa Trotter erst kurz vor Auffinden ihres leblosen Körpers und damit lange nach der Inhaftierung von Larry Swearingen gestorben war. Der leitende Rechtsmediziner von Galveston County, Texas, folgerte, dass Melissa Trotter "fünf bis sieben Tage vor ihrem Auffinden" getötet wurde, "wahrscheinlich um den 26. Dezember 1998 herum". Der Leiter des Zentrums für menschliche Identifikation (Center for Human Identification) und des Labors für forensische Anthropologie (Forensic Anthropology Laboratory) der University of North Texas kam 2010 zu dem Schluss, dass Melissa Trotter "höchstens zehn Tage, wahrscheinlich sogar weniger, tot war, bevor sie gefunden wurde". Zwei weitere ExpertInnen – beides stellvertretende RechtsmedizinerInnen in Texas – untersuchten aufbewahrte Gewebeproben unter einem hochauflösenden Mikroskop und folgerten, dass Melissa Trotter höchstens drei Tage vor Auffinden ihres leblosen Körpers gestorben war. Sie sagten: "Larry Swearingen kann unmöglich Melissa Trotter getötet und ihren Körper an den späteren Fundort gebracht haben, da er zum Zeitpunkt des Fundes bereits seit 23 Tagen im Gefängnis war." US-Gerichte haben eingelegte Rechtsmittel abgelehnt, in denen verlangt wurde, diese ForensikerInnen in öffentlicher Sitzung anzuhören. Der Oberste Gerichtshof der USA hat erklärt, dass eine Begnadigung die nötige "Absicherung" im Strafjustizsystem darstelle, da sie einen Rechtsbehelf bzw. Rechtsschutz ermögliche, wo dies in der Justiz nicht vorgesehen sei.
[EMPFOHLENE AKTIONEN]
SCHREIBEN SIE BITTE LUFTPOSTBRIEFE, FAXE ODER E-MAILS MIT FOLGENDEN FORDERUNGEN
-
Ich bin mir der Schwere des Verbrechens bewusst, für das Larry Swearingen zum Tode verurteilt wurde.
-
Ich möchte Sie jedoch darauf hinweisen, dass Larry Swearingen nach rein indizienbasierten Ermittlungen verurteilt wurde, und dass mehrere texanische SpurensicherungsexpertInnen aufgezeigt haben, dass Larry Swearingen als Täter nicht in Frage kommt. Die Theorie über das Verbrechen, die die Staatsanwaltschaft den Geschworenen vorgelegt hatte, wurde damit ernsthaft in Frage gestellt.
- Ich fordere Sie dringend auf, die Hinrichtung nicht zu vollstrecken und Larry Swearingen zu begnadigen.
[APPELLE AN]
BEGNADIGUNGSAUSSCHUSS VON TEXAS
Clemency Section
Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles
8610 Shoal Creek Blvd., Austin, TX 78757-6814, USA
(korrekte Anrede: Dear Board members / Sehr geehrte
Mitglieder des Ausschusses)
Fax: (00 1) 512 467 0945
E-Mail: bpp-pio@tdcj.state.tx.us
GOUVERNEUR VON TEXAS
Governor Rick Perry
Office of the Governor, P.O. Box 12428, Austin
Texas 78711-2428, USA
(korrekte Anrede: Dear Governor / Sehr geehrter Herr Gouverneur)
Fax: (00 1) 512 463 1849
KOPIEN AN
BOTSCHAFT DER VEREINIGTEN STAATEN VON AMERIKA
S.E. Herrn Philip Dunton Murphy
Pariser Platz 2, 10117 Berlin
Fax: 030-83 05 10 50
E-Mail: über http://germany.usembassy.de/email/feedback.htm
Bitte schreiben Sie Ihre Appelle sofort, so dass sie vor dem 18. August 2011 eintreffen. Schreiben Sie in gutem Englisch oder auf Deutsch.
PLEASE WRITE IMMEDIATELY
-
Acknowledge the seriousness of the crime for which Larry Swearingen was sentenced to death.
-
Note that Larry Swearingen was convicted on circumstantial evidence and that several Texas forensic specialists have ruled out Larry Swearingen as the murderer and punctured the state’s theory of the crime it presented to the jury.
- Call for this execution to be stopped and clemency granted.
[HINTERGRUNDINFORMATIONEN (AUF ENGLISCH)]
Larry Swearingen was a day from execution in January 2009 when the US Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit granted a stay. The Fifth Circuit panel considered whether his claims were sufficient to overcome the obstacles under federal law preventing the court from authorizing the filing of a successive habeas corpus petition. Under this federal law – the Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA), which places severe restrictions on state prisoners raising claims in federal court, in part in a bid to facilitate executions – the inmate must show that "(i) the factual predicate for the claim could not have been discovered previously through the exercise of due diligence; and (ii) the facts underlying the claim, if proven and viewed in light of the evidence as a whole, would be sufficient to establish by clear and convincing evidence that, but for constitutional error, no reasonable fact-finder would have found the applicant guilty of the underlying offense".
The Fifth Circuit authorized Larry Swearingen to file a successive petition in District Court, but stressed that it "must dismiss" the petition "without reaching the merits" if it were to find that Swearingen had not satisfied the AEDPA’s requirements. This is what happened. In November 2009, the District Court ruled among other things that "through the exercise of due diligence", Larry Swearingen could have obtained Dr Carter’s affidavit earlier than 2007 and should have been aware that there was tissue from the autopsy in the possession of the Harris County Medical Examiner’s Office that could be forensically tested. The District Court concluded that "only now, over nine years [after the trial], he has marshaled all the available information, but the record does not show that he could not have done so before waiting until the eve of his execution in January 2009". Failing to meet the requirement of the AEDPA, the judge ruled, "deprives this Court of jurisdiction over the merits of his successive habeas claims".
The District Court judge said that "taken at face value, Swearingen’s new scientific evidence appears highly exculpatory", but added that while the experts agreed that the body had been "exposed to the elements after he was jailed on December 11, 1998", they had "not looked at every piece of the evidentiary puzzle in making that assessment". A jury, he said, would "have to plug the narrow conclusions made by Swearingen’s experts into the broad facts the State adduced which pointed to him as the killer". The District Court judge suggested that while some "piece of the puzzle" relating to the question of when Melissa Trotter’s body had been left in the forest was likely "still missing", it was not the duty of the court "to neatly decide which theory, if any, is more correct." This, he said, was "especially the case on habeas review where the presumption of innocence has run its course" and principles such as finality of judgments "lean steeply in favour of upholding the verdict".
Amnesty International opposes the death penalty, in all cases, unconditionally. International human rights law, while abolitionist in outlook, recognizes that some countries retain the death penalty. Pending abolition, the international community has agreed safeguards for capital cases. One such international standard holds that: "Capital punishment may be imposed only when the guilt of the person charged is based upon clear and convincing evidence leaving no room for an alternative explanation of the facts". Although there is circumstantial evidence against Larry Swearingen, the expert evidence since the trial casts serious doubt on his conviction, and would render his execution in contravention of this safeguard. Executive clemency must act as a failsafe against injustice where the courts have been unwilling or unable to act. In September 2010, for example, Ohio’s Governor commuted the death sentence of Kevin Keith to life imprisonment. The governor said that despite circumstantial evidence linking Kevin Keith to the crime, "many legitimate questions have been raised regarding the evidence in support of the conviction and the investigation which led to it" (see http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AMR51/079/2010/en).
There have been 1,263 executions in the USA since judicial killing resumed there in 1977, 472 of which have been carried out in Texas. There have been 29 executions this year, eight of them in Texas. Since 1976, more than 130 people have been released from death rows in the USA on grounds of innocence.