Hinrichtungstermin: 26. Oktober

Todeskammer in Florida, in der die Giftspritze verabreicht wird

Todeskammer in Florida, in der die Giftspritze verabreicht wird

Im US-Bundesstaat Arizona ist die Hinrichtung von Jeffrey Landrigan, einem 50-jährigen Indigenen, für den 26. Oktober um 10.00 Uhr anberaumt worden. 13 Bundesrichter haben bereits vorgebracht, dass er eine Anhörung zu seiner Behauptung hätte bekommen sollen, bei seinem Prozess im Jahr 1990 ungenügend vertreten worden zu sein. 2007 räumte die für das Verfahren zuständige Richterin ein, sie hätte nicht die Todesstrafe verhängt, wenn ihr das entlastende Beweismaterial vorgelegt worden wäre.

Appell an

GOUVERNEUR VON ARIZONA
The Honorable Jan Brewer
Governor of Arizona
1700 West Washington
Phoenix, Arizona 85007, USA
(korrekte Anrede: Dear Governor)
Fax: (001) 602 542 1381
E-Mail: azgov@azgov.com

Sende eine Kopie an

BOTSCHAFT DER VEREINIGTEN STAATEN VON AMERIKA
S.E. Herrn Philip D. Murphy
Pariser Platz 2
10117 Berlin
Fax: 030-83 05 10 50
E-Mail: über
http://germany.usembassy.de/email/feedback.htm

Bitte schreiben Sie Ihre Appelle sofort, so dass sie vor dem 26. Oktober 2010 eintreffen. Schreiben Sie in gutem Englisch oder auf Deutsch.

Amnesty fordert:

SCHREIBEN SIE BITTE E-MAILS, FAXE ODER LUFTPOSTBRIEFE MIT FOLGENDEN FORDERUNGEN

  • Ich bin mir der Schwere des Verbrechens, für das Jeffrey Landrigan zum Tod verurteilt worden ist, bewusst.

  • Ich bin jedoch sehr besorgt darüber, dass der Strafverteidiger von Jeffrey Landrigan nicht in der Lage war, mögliche strafmildernde Beweise zu untersuchen.

  • Ich möchte darauf hinweisen, dass seit 2005 13 Bundesrichter ausgesagt haben, es sollte ein Beweisaufnahmeverfahren eingeleitet werden, um die Behauptung zu untersuchen, Jeffrey Landrigans gesetzliche Vertretung sei verfassungsrechtlich unzureichend gewesen, was das Ergebnis des Prozesses verändert habe.

  • Ich verweise darauf, dass die Richterin der ersten Instanz selbst sagte, sie hätte keine Todesstrafe verhängt, wenn sie die entlastenden Beweise gesehen hätte, die dem Berufungsgericht vorgelegt wurden.

  • Ich fordere Sie eindringlich auf, Jeffrey Landrigan zu begnadigen und das gegen ihn verhängte Todesurteil umzuwandeln.

PLEASE WRITE IMMEDIATELY

  • Acknowledging the seriousness of the crime for which Jeffrey Landrigan was sentenced to death;

  • Expressing concern at the failure of Jeffrey Landrigan's trial lawyer to investigate available mitigating evidence;

  • Noting that since 2005, 13 federal judges have argued that there should be a federal evidentiary hearing into the claim that his legal representation was constitutionally deficient and that this had altered the outcome of the trial;

  • Noting that the trial judge herself has said she would not have passed a death sentence if she had heard the mitigating evidence that has been presented on appeal;
  • Calling on the governor to grant clemency and commute Jeffrey Landrigan’s death sentence.

[HINTERGRUNDINFORMATIONEN auf Englisch]

According to the evidence raised on appeal, Jeffrey Landrigan’s biological parents abused drugs and alcohol, and his teenage mother did so when pregnant with him. She abandoned him when he was six months old. His father was imprisoned around this time, and by the time of Jeffrey Landrigan’s trial, he was on death row in Arkansas. The child was later adopted. His adoptive mother was also an alcoholic, and subjected him to emotional and physical abuse, including on one occasion hitting him so hard with a frying pan that it dented it. The boy began abusing drugs and alcohol from an early age.

In 1998, a neuropsychologist concluded that a combination of inherited, prenatal, and early developmental factors had severely impaired Jeffrey Landrigan’s ability to "function in a society that expects individuals to operate in an organized and adaptive manner, taking into account actions and consequences of their behaviour and their impact on society and its individual members". In the 2007 Supreme Court ruling, the four dissenting Justices noted, among other things, the trial lawyer’s failure to complete a mental health evaluation of his client, "which we now know would have uncovered a serious organic brain disorder" and his failure to "consult an expert to explore the effects of [Landrigan’s] birth mother’s drinking and drug use during pregnancy".

Also in 2007, the now retired trial judge concluded that had she heard the mitigating evidence, "especially the evidence of Mr Landrigan’s organic brain damage, the impact of fetal alcohol syndrome on his behaviour, his genetic predispositions and the apparent abandonment by his birth mother", she would not have passed a death sentence. She emphasised that the neuropsychologist’s 1998 report would have left her with "no choice" but to find that the mitigating circumstances were "sufficient to call for leniency".

At the trial, the state argued that Jeffrey Landrigan and Chester Dyer had engaged in a violent struggle after having sex. The prosecution argued that these were the only two people present in the apartment on the night of the murder. DNA testing since the trial has revealed that semen and blood from the crime scene were from two people, but excluded Jeffrey Landrigan as the source of either of the two DNA profiles. This would suggest that the state’s theory of the crime presented to the jury was wrong.

Like most other US death penalty states, Arizona uses three drugs for executions by lethal injection – pancuronium bromide, potassium chloride, and sodium thiopental. There is currently a nationwide shortage of sodium thiopental, resulting in delays in executions in at least two states, Kentucky and Oklahoma. The pharmaceutical company Hospira is the sole manufacturer and distributor of sodium thiopental in the USA and it will reportedly not be able to make more of the drug available until March 2011 (in March 2010, Hospira wrote to the Ohio authorities to state its position that the company’s products are meant to "improve or save lives" and that it does "not support the use of any of our products in capital punishment procedures").

Authorities in California recently revealed that they had obtained the drug with an expiry date of 2014, indicating that it cannot be a product of Hospira, whose last batch of sodium thiopental had expiry dates of 2011. On 8 October 2010, the Director of the Arizona Department of Corrections (ADC) informed a state court that "the Department has lawfully obtained the necessary chemicals under its current written protocol – sodium thiopental, pancuronium bromide, and potassium chloride – in sufficient quantity for an execution". Citing the recent developments in California among other things, Jeffrey Landrigan’s lawyers are seeking to have the state reveal the source of the sodium thiopental, including ensuring that it has not unknowingly obtained "counterfeit or non-viable" drugs, from inside or outside the USA, which could result in an unconstitutional execution. The state has responded that "individuals or entities providing the necessary chemicals to ADC are performing ancillary functions in the execution procedure", and this information is "confidential". The litigation is continuing.

Amnesty International opposes the death penalty unconditionally in all cases. The USA has carried out 1,230 executions since it resumed judicial killing in 1977, 42 of them this year (see also http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AMR51/095/2010/en).

Sachlage

Am 15. Dezember 1989 wurde Chester Dyer in seiner Wohnung tot aufgefunden. Der Mord wurde Jeffrey Landrigan zur Last gelegt. Er konnte sich keine anwaltliche Vertretung leisten, so dass das Gericht jemanden bestimmte, der Jeffrey Landrigan vertreten sollte – einen Anwalt, der noch nie zuvor in einem Todesstrafenprozess gearbeitet hatte. Jeffrey Landrigan lehnte das Angebot der Staatsanwaltschaft ab, eine Haftstrafe von 20 Jahren im Gegenzug für ein Geständnis eines Mordes zweiten Grades anzunehmen. Die Geschworenen befanden ihn des Mordes ersten Grades für schuldig. Für die Phase des Gerichtsverfahrens, in der 1990 über das Strafmaß entschieden wurde, hatte der Anwalt von Jeffrey Landrigan nur zwei Zeuginnen geladen, um auszusagen. Eine war Jeffrey Landrigans biologische Mutter (die ihn im Alter von sechs Monaten verließ) und die andere war seine Ex-Frau. Jeffrey Landrigan weigerte sich, die beiden aussagen zu lassen. Die Richterin verurteilte ihn zum Tode, obwohl sie feststellte, er habe nicht mit Vorsatz gehandelt.

Der Anwalt hatte keine Aussage eines Experten über Jeffrey Landrigans Vorgeschichte vorgelegt oder überhaupt danach gefragt. 1998 befand ein Neuropsychologe, dass eine Kombination ausvererbten Faktoren, der pränatalen Einnahme von Alkohol und Drogen, der frühen Zurückweisung durch die Eltern und eine gestörte Beziehung zu seiner Adoptivfamilie Jeffrey Landrigans Fähigkeit, in der Gesellschaft zu funktionieren, "erheblich beeinträchtigt" habe. 1999 lehnte es ein Bundesbezirksgericht ab, ein Beweisaufnahmeverfahren zur Behauptung einzuleiten, der Strafverteidiger sei verfassungsrechtlich unwirksam gewesen, da er versäumte, entlastende Beweise zu Jeffrey Landrigans Geschichte der Entbehrungen und des Missbrauchs zu untersuchen und vorzulegen. 2005 kam ein Bundesberufungsgericht (US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit) mit neun zu zwei Stimmen zu dem Schluss, die Richterin am Bezirksgericht habe ihre Ermessensfreiheit missbraucht, indem sie das Beweisaufnahmeverfahren abgelehnt hatte. Die Mehrheit entschied, es sei wahrscheinlich, dass die Richterin der ersten Instanz Jeffrey Landrigan nicht zum Tode verurteilt hätte, wenn ihr die entlastenden Beweise des Berufungsverfahrens vorgelegt worden wären (was sie später auch selbst sagte). Selbst die beiden RichterInnen, die sich gegen ein Beweisaufnahmeverfahren aussprachen, stimmten zu, dass die Vorbereitung des Strafverteidigers auf den Prozess professionelle Standards "unterschritten" hatte.

2007 hob der Oberste Gerichtshof der Vereinigten Staaten das Urteil des Bundesberufungsgerichts mit fünf zu vier Stimmen auf, auf der Grundlage, dass Jeffrey Landrigan seinem Strafverteidiger nicht gestattet hätte, entlastende Beweismittel vorzulegen, die dieser möglicherweise hätte aufdecken können. Die vier RichterInnen, die diesem Urteil widersprachen, beschuldigten ihre KollegInnen der "Spekulation".

[EMPFOHLENE AKTIONEN]

SCHREIBEN SIE BITTE E-MAILS, FAXE ODER LUFTPOSTBRIEFE MIT FOLGENDEN FORDERUNGEN

  • Ich bin mir der Schwere des Verbrechens, für das Jeffrey Landrigan zum Tod verurteilt worden ist, bewusst.

  • Ich bin jedoch sehr besorgt darüber, dass der Strafverteidiger von Jeffrey Landrigan nicht in der Lage war, mögliche strafmildernde Beweise zu untersuchen.

  • Ich möchte darauf hinweisen, dass seit 2005 13 Bundesrichter ausgesagt haben, es sollte ein Beweisaufnahmeverfahren eingeleitet werden, um die Behauptung zu untersuchen, Jeffrey Landrigans gesetzliche Vertretung sei verfassungsrechtlich unzureichend gewesen, was das Ergebnis des Prozesses verändert habe.

  • Ich verweise darauf, dass die Richterin der ersten Instanz selbst sagte, sie hätte keine Todesstrafe verhängt, wenn sie die entlastenden Beweise gesehen hätte, die dem Berufungsgericht vorgelegt wurden.

  • Ich fordere Sie eindringlich auf, Jeffrey Landrigan zu begnadigen und das gegen ihn verhängte Todesurteil umzuwandeln.

[APPELLE AN]

GOUVERNEUR VON ARIZONA
The Honorable Jan Brewer
Governor of Arizona
1700 West Washington
Phoenix, Arizona 85007, USA
(korrekte Anrede: Dear Governor)
Fax: (001) 602 542 1381
E-Mail: azgov@azgov.com

KOPIEN AN
BOTSCHAFT DER VEREINIGTEN STAATEN VON AMERIKA
S.E. Herrn Philip D. Murphy
Pariser Platz 2
10117 Berlin
Fax: 030-83 05 10 50
E-Mail: über
http://germany.usembassy.de/email/feedback.htm

Bitte schreiben Sie Ihre Appelle sofort, so dass sie vor dem 26. Oktober 2010 eintreffen. Schreiben Sie in gutem Englisch oder auf Deutsch.

PLEASE WRITE IMMEDIATELY

  • Acknowledging the seriousness of the crime for which Jeffrey Landrigan was sentenced to death;

  • Expressing concern at the failure of Jeffrey Landrigan's trial lawyer to investigate available mitigating evidence;

  • Noting that since 2005, 13 federal judges have argued that there should be a federal evidentiary hearing into the claim that his legal representation was constitutionally deficient and that this had altered the outcome of the trial;

  • Noting that the trial judge herself has said she would not have passed a death sentence if she had heard the mitigating evidence that has been presented on appeal;
  • Calling on the governor to grant clemency and commute Jeffrey Landrigan’s death sentence.

[HINTERGRUNDINFORMATIONEN auf Englisch]

According to the evidence raised on appeal, Jeffrey Landrigan’s biological parents abused drugs and alcohol, and his teenage mother did so when pregnant with him. She abandoned him when he was six months old. His father was imprisoned around this time, and by the time of Jeffrey Landrigan’s trial, he was on death row in Arkansas. The child was later adopted. His adoptive mother was also an alcoholic, and subjected him to emotional and physical abuse, including on one occasion hitting him so hard with a frying pan that it dented it. The boy began abusing drugs and alcohol from an early age.

In 1998, a neuropsychologist concluded that a combination of inherited, prenatal, and early developmental factors had severely impaired Jeffrey Landrigan’s ability to "function in a society that expects individuals to operate in an organized and adaptive manner, taking into account actions and consequences of their behaviour and their impact on society and its individual members". In the 2007 Supreme Court ruling, the four dissenting Justices noted, among other things, the trial lawyer’s failure to complete a mental health evaluation of his client, "which we now know would have uncovered a serious organic brain disorder" and his failure to "consult an expert to explore the effects of [Landrigan’s] birth mother’s drinking and drug use during pregnancy".

Also in 2007, the now retired trial judge concluded that had she heard the mitigating evidence, "especially the evidence of Mr Landrigan’s organic brain damage, the impact of fetal alcohol syndrome on his behaviour, his genetic predispositions and the apparent abandonment by his birth mother", she would not have passed a death sentence. She emphasised that the neuropsychologist’s 1998 report would have left her with "no choice" but to find that the mitigating circumstances were "sufficient to call for leniency".

At the trial, the state argued that Jeffrey Landrigan and Chester Dyer had engaged in a violent struggle after having sex. The prosecution argued that these were the only two people present in the apartment on the night of the murder. DNA testing since the trial has revealed that semen and blood from the crime scene were from two people, but excluded Jeffrey Landrigan as the source of either of the two DNA profiles. This would suggest that the state’s theory of the crime presented to the jury was wrong.

Like most other US death penalty states, Arizona uses three drugs for executions by lethal injection – pancuronium bromide, potassium chloride, and sodium thiopental. There is currently a nationwide shortage of sodium thiopental, resulting in delays in executions in at least two states, Kentucky and Oklahoma. The pharmaceutical company Hospira is the sole manufacturer and distributor of sodium thiopental in the USA and it will reportedly not be able to make more of the drug available until March 2011 (in March 2010, Hospira wrote to the Ohio authorities to state its position that the company’s products are meant to "improve or save lives" and that it does "not support the use of any of our products in capital punishment procedures").

Authorities in California recently revealed that they had obtained the drug with an expiry date of 2014, indicating that it cannot be a product of Hospira, whose last batch of sodium thiopental had expiry dates of 2011. On 8 October 2010, the Director of the Arizona Department of Corrections (ADC) informed a state court that "the Department has lawfully obtained the necessary chemicals under its current written protocol – sodium thiopental, pancuronium bromide, and potassium chloride – in sufficient quantity for an execution". Citing the recent developments in California among other things, Jeffrey Landrigan’s lawyers are seeking to have the state reveal the source of the sodium thiopental, including ensuring that it has not unknowingly obtained "counterfeit or non-viable" drugs, from inside or outside the USA, which could result in an unconstitutional execution. The state has responded that "individuals or entities providing the necessary chemicals to ADC are performing ancillary functions in the execution procedure", and this information is "confidential". The litigation is continuing.

Amnesty International opposes the death penalty unconditionally in all cases. The USA has carried out 1,230 executions since it resumed judicial killing in 1977, 42 of them this year (see also http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AMR51/095/2010/en).