Drohende Hinrichtung

Jonathan Marcus Green soll am 30. Juni in Texas hingerichtet werden. Im Jahr 2002 war er für den Mord an einem 12-jährigen Mädchen zum Tode verurteilt worden. Seinen Anwälten zufolge ist er psychisch krank und möglicherweise geistig behindert.

Appell an

BEGNADIGUNGSAUSSCHUSS
Clemency Section
Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles
8610 Shoal Creek Boulevard
Austin, TX 78757-6814
USA
(korrekte Anrede: Dear Ms Owens)
Fax: (00 1) 512 467 0945
E-Mail: bpp-pio@tdcj.state.tx.us

GOUVERNEUR VON TEXAS
Governor Rick Perry
Office of the Governor
P.O. Box 12428
Austin, Texas 78711-2428
USA
(korrekte Anrede: Dear Governor)
Fax: (00 1) 512 463 1849

Sende eine Kopie an

BOTSCHAFT DER VEREINIGTEN STAATEN VON AMERIKA
S.E. Herrn Philip D. Murphy
Pariser Platz 2, 10117 Berlin
Fax: 030-83 05 10 50
E-Mail: über
http://germany.usembassy.de/email/feedback.htm

Bitte schreiben Sie Ihre Appelle sofort, so dass sie noch vor dem 30. Juni 2010 eintreffen. Schreiben Sie in gutem Englisch oder auf Deutsch.

Amnesty fordert:

SCHREIBEN SIE BITTE E-MAILS, FAXE ODER LUFTPOSTBRIEFE (Nennen Sie darin bitte die Häftlingsnummer von Jonathan Green # 999421)

  • Machen Sie deutlich, dass Sie sich über die Schwere des Verbrechens und das dadurch verursachte Leid im Klaren sind.

  • Sprechen Sie sich gegen die Hinrichtung von Jonathan Marcus Green aus.

  • Weisen Sie auf die Einwände seiner Anwälte hin, dass Jonathan Marcus Green unter einer psychischen Erkrankung leidet und Anzeichen einer geistigen Behinderung aufweist.

  • Fordern Sie die Behörden auf, das Todesurteil von Jonathan Marcus Green umzuwandeln und in Texas keine Hinrichtungen mehr vorzunehmen.

PLEASE WRITE IMMEDIATELY

  • Explaining that you are not seeking to excuse the murder of Christina Neal or to downplay the suffering caused;

  • Opposing the execution of Jonathan Green;

  • Noting claims raised by his lawyers during federal appeals that Jonathan Green suffers from mental illness, and exhibits signs of possible mental retardation;

  • Calling for Jonathan Green’s death sentence to be commuted, and for an end to executions in Texas.

[HINTERGRUNDINFORMATIONEN auf Englisch]

Amnesty International unconditionally opposes the death penalty, in all cases and in all countries. Some 139 countries are now abolitionist in law or practice. In contrast, the USA has carried out 1,203 executions since resuming judicial killing in 1977. Texas accounts for 454 of these executions. There have been 15 executions in the USA this year, seven of them in Texas.

Dozens of those executed in the USA since 1977 were individuals who had histories of serious mental impairment, either from before the crimes for which they were sentenced to death, or at the time of their execution. Some had mental retardation (the term for learning disability used in the USA), others suffered from mental illness, and some were diagnosed with both. In 1986, in Ford v. Wainwright, the US Supreme Court ruled that the execution of an insane prisoner violates the US Constitution. In practice, this ruling has offered minimal protection for people with serious mental illness at the time of their execution (see USA: The execution of mentally ill offenders, January 2006, http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AMR51/003/2006/en). On 20 June 2002, in Atkins v Virginia, the US Supreme Court outlawed the execution of people with mental retardation. The Court did not define mental retardation, although it pointed to professional standards defining mental retardation as a disability, manifested before the age of 18, characterized by significantly sub-average intellectual functioning accompanied by limitations in two or more adaptive skill areas such as communication, self-care, work, and functioning in the community. The Court noted that "not all people who claim to be mentally retarded will be so impaired as to fall within the range of mentally retarded offenders about whom there is a national consensus." The Court left it to individual states to develop "appropriate ways" to comply with the ruling. Nearly eight years after the Atkins ruling, the Texas legislature has still not enacted a law to comply with it, and there are concerns that this may be allowing some individuals with such impairment to be executed (see USA: Too much cruelty, too little clemency: Texas nears 200th execution under current governor, 30 April 2009, http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AMR51/057/2009/en)

Jonathan Green is African American; Christina Neal was white. Of the 1,203 people executed in the USA since 1977, seventy-eight per percent (944) were convicted of crimes involving white victims. In 26 percent of these cases (249) the defendant was black. Of the 454 people executed in Texas since 1977, seventy-one percent (325) were convicted of crimes involving white victims, and in 29 percent (95) of these cases the defendant was black. Montgomery County in eastern Texas, where Jonathan Green was convicted, is a jurisdiction where 85 per cent of the population is white. Twelve of those executed in Texas since 1977 were convicted in Montgomery County. All 12 were convicted of killing white victims. One was African American – Glen McGinnis, executed in violation of international law in 2000 for a crime committed when he was 17 years old. Four other men convicted in Montgomery County, including Jonathan Green, remain on death row in Texas. All four were convicted of killing white victims. One other African American has been sentenced to death in Montgomery County since 1977: Clarence Brandley, convicted of killing a 16-year-old white girl in 1980 was released in 1990 on grounds of innocence after a judge concluded that racial discrimination had riddled his prosecution. All three African Americans sentenced to death in Montgomery County – Glen McGinnis, Clarence Brandley and Jonathan Green – were convicted by all-white juries.

In 2000, the Texas Defender Service reviewed murders in Montgomery County committed between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 1999. Of the 55 cases, 31 per cent involved non-white victims, none of which resulted in a death sentence. The arrest rate varied according to the race of the victim. In white victim cases, the arrest rate was 92 per cent, while in non-white victim cases, the rate was 58 per cent. The rate at which the cases went to trial also varied. Ninety per cent of the cases involving white victims went to trial, whereas only two cases involving non-white victims were tried.

Sachlage

Christina Neal, die mit ihren zwei Schwestern und ihrem Vater im County Montgomery im Osten von Texas lebte, wurde seit dem 21. Juni 2000 vermisst. Am 19. Juli fanden Ermittler bei der Durchsuchung des Hauses von Jonathan Marcus Green die teilweise verweste Leiche des 12-jährigen Mädchens. Die Leiche befand sich in einem Sack hinter einem Sofa und war anscheinend am selben Tag im Garten des Hauses von Jonathan Marcus Green ausgegraben worden. Die Untersuchung des Gerichtsmediziners ergab, dass das Opfer erwürgt und wahrscheinlich sexuell missbraucht worden war.

Am 15. Juli 2002 befand eine Jury Jonathan Marcus Green schuldig, Christina Neal beim dem Versuch, sie zu entführen oder sexuell zu missbrauchen, oder der tatsächlichen Verübung dieser Straftaten, ermordet zu haben. In der Phase des Gerichtsverfahrens, in der über das Strafmaß entschieden wird, legte die Staatsanwaltschaft Beweise für frühere Gewaltverbrechen des Angeklagten vor. Die Jury kam zu dem Schluss, dass Jonathan Marcus Green mit hinreichender Wahrscheinlichkeit wieder straffällig werden und somit eine Gefahr für die Gesellschaft darstellen würde. Es lägen nicht genügend entlastende Beweise vor, um eine lebenslange Haftstrafe zu verhängen. Jonathan Marcus Green wurde zum Tode verurteilt.

Seine Anwälte legten 2007 beim Bundesbezirksgericht Rechtsmittel ein und argumentierten, dass er an einer schweren geistigen Störung und einer psychotischen Erkrankung leidet, die in Form von Halluzinationen sowie Paranoia zu Tage tritt. In dem Berufungsantrag hieß es, dass Jonathan Marcus Green davon überzeugt wäre, dass seine derzeitigen Anwälte für seine Freilassung lediglich einem Richter gewisse Papiere vorzulegen hätten, die sich im Besitz seiner früheren Anwälte befinden. Weiter hieß es, "Herr Green glaubt, dass er das Opfer oder eine Spielfigur in einer Art von Spiel ist", an dem Gefängniswärter und andere Todeskandidaten beteiligt sein sollen. In ihrem Urteil vom Februar 2008 bestätigte die US-Bundesbezirksrichterin das Todesurteil und entschied, dass nach US-Recht kein generelles Verbot für die Hinrichtung von Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen besteht. Über den Einwand, Green wäre nicht schuldfähig, weil er die Gründe seiner Strafe nicht verstünde, könnte erst unmittelbar vor seiner geplanten Hinrichtung entschieden werden. Das Fünfte US-Bundesberufungsgericht bestätigte diese Begründung später in seinem Urteil.

2002 hatte der Oberste Gerichtshof der USA die Hinrichtung von geistig zurückgebliebenen Personen untersagt. In der Berufung von Jonathan Marcus Green im Jahre 2007 wurde angeführt, dass dieser "klare Anzeichen einer geistigen Unterentwicklung aufweist", dass er jedoch eine psychologische oder neurologische Untersuchung verweigert. Der Berufungsantrag machte auf die folgenden Belege für seine mögliche geistige Unterentwicklung aufmerksam: seinen funktionalen Analphabetismus und sein Unvermögen zu rechnen, seine Unfähigkeit, einen einfachen Job auszuüben, und die Tatsache, dass er "nach dem Tod seiner Mutter nicht in der Lage war, einen Haushalt zu führen. Er lebte in Schmutz und Gestank und konnte nicht einmal einfachste Aufgaben wie seine eigene Körperpflege bewältigen". Die Bezirksrichterin lehnte das Gesuch ab.

[EMPFOHLENE AKTIONEN]

SCHREIBEN SIE BITTE E-MAILS, FAXE ODER LUFTPOSTBRIEFE (Nennen Sie darin bitte die Häftlingsnummer von Jonathan Green # 999421)

  • Machen Sie deutlich, dass Sie sich über die Schwere des Verbrechens und das dadurch verursachte Leid im Klaren sind.

  • Sprechen Sie sich gegen die Hinrichtung von Jonathan Marcus Green aus.

  • Weisen Sie auf die Einwände seiner Anwälte hin, dass Jonathan Marcus Green unter einer psychischen Erkrankung leidet und Anzeichen einer geistigen Behinderung aufweist.

  • Fordern Sie die Behörden auf, das Todesurteil von Jonathan Marcus Green umzuwandeln und in Texas keine Hinrichtungen mehr vorzunehmen.

[APPELLE AN]

BEGNADIGUNGSAUSSCHUSS
Clemency Section
Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles
8610 Shoal Creek Boulevard
Austin, TX 78757-6814
USA
(korrekte Anrede: Dear Ms Owens)
Fax: (00 1) 512 467 0945
E-Mail: bpp-pio@tdcj.state.tx.us

GOUVERNEUR VON TEXAS
Governor Rick Perry
Office of the Governor
P.O. Box 12428
Austin, Texas 78711-2428
USA
(korrekte Anrede: Dear Governor)
Fax: (00 1) 512 463 1849

KOPIEN AN
BOTSCHAFT DER VEREINIGTEN STAATEN VON AMERIKA
S.E. Herrn Philip D. Murphy
Pariser Platz 2, 10117 Berlin
Fax: 030-83 05 10 50
E-Mail: über
http://germany.usembassy.de/email/feedback.htm

Bitte schreiben Sie Ihre Appelle sofort, so dass sie noch vor dem 30. Juni 2010 eintreffen. Schreiben Sie in gutem Englisch oder auf Deutsch.

PLEASE WRITE IMMEDIATELY

  • Explaining that you are not seeking to excuse the murder of Christina Neal or to downplay the suffering caused;

  • Opposing the execution of Jonathan Green;

  • Noting claims raised by his lawyers during federal appeals that Jonathan Green suffers from mental illness, and exhibits signs of possible mental retardation;

  • Calling for Jonathan Green’s death sentence to be commuted, and for an end to executions in Texas.

[HINTERGRUNDINFORMATIONEN auf Englisch]

Amnesty International unconditionally opposes the death penalty, in all cases and in all countries. Some 139 countries are now abolitionist in law or practice. In contrast, the USA has carried out 1,203 executions since resuming judicial killing in 1977. Texas accounts for 454 of these executions. There have been 15 executions in the USA this year, seven of them in Texas.

Dozens of those executed in the USA since 1977 were individuals who had histories of serious mental impairment, either from before the crimes for which they were sentenced to death, or at the time of their execution. Some had mental retardation (the term for learning disability used in the USA), others suffered from mental illness, and some were diagnosed with both. In 1986, in Ford v. Wainwright, the US Supreme Court ruled that the execution of an insane prisoner violates the US Constitution. In practice, this ruling has offered minimal protection for people with serious mental illness at the time of their execution (see USA: The execution of mentally ill offenders, January 2006, http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AMR51/003/2006/en). On 20 June 2002, in Atkins v Virginia, the US Supreme Court outlawed the execution of people with mental retardation. The Court did not define mental retardation, although it pointed to professional standards defining mental retardation as a disability, manifested before the age of 18, characterized by significantly sub-average intellectual functioning accompanied by limitations in two or more adaptive skill areas such as communication, self-care, work, and functioning in the community. The Court noted that "not all people who claim to be mentally retarded will be so impaired as to fall within the range of mentally retarded offenders about whom there is a national consensus." The Court left it to individual states to develop "appropriate ways" to comply with the ruling. Nearly eight years after the Atkins ruling, the Texas legislature has still not enacted a law to comply with it, and there are concerns that this may be allowing some individuals with such impairment to be executed (see USA: Too much cruelty, too little clemency: Texas nears 200th execution under current governor, 30 April 2009, http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AMR51/057/2009/en)

Jonathan Green is African American; Christina Neal was white. Of the 1,203 people executed in the USA since 1977, seventy-eight per percent (944) were convicted of crimes involving white victims. In 26 percent of these cases (249) the defendant was black. Of the 454 people executed in Texas since 1977, seventy-one percent (325) were convicted of crimes involving white victims, and in 29 percent (95) of these cases the defendant was black. Montgomery County in eastern Texas, where Jonathan Green was convicted, is a jurisdiction where 85 per cent of the population is white. Twelve of those executed in Texas since 1977 were convicted in Montgomery County. All 12 were convicted of killing white victims. One was African American – Glen McGinnis, executed in violation of international law in 2000 for a crime committed when he was 17 years old. Four other men convicted in Montgomery County, including Jonathan Green, remain on death row in Texas. All four were convicted of killing white victims. One other African American has been sentenced to death in Montgomery County since 1977: Clarence Brandley, convicted of killing a 16-year-old white girl in 1980 was released in 1990 on grounds of innocence after a judge concluded that racial discrimination had riddled his prosecution. All three African Americans sentenced to death in Montgomery County – Glen McGinnis, Clarence Brandley and Jonathan Green – were convicted by all-white juries.

In 2000, the Texas Defender Service reviewed murders in Montgomery County committed between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 1999. Of the 55 cases, 31 per cent involved non-white victims, none of which resulted in a death sentence. The arrest rate varied according to the race of the victim. In white victim cases, the arrest rate was 92 per cent, while in non-white victim cases, the rate was 58 per cent. The rate at which the cases went to trial also varied. Ninety per cent of the cases involving white victims went to trial, whereas only two cases involving non-white victims were tried.